Theme Of Taming Of The Shrew - 1116 Words

The Taming of the Shrew: Moment Analysis Particular moments in William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew have a special significance in regard to the overall meaning of the play. One such moment is when Petruchio and Katherine talk about â€Å"how bright and goodly shines the moon,† (Shakespeare 13). At this moment, the insistent Petruchio pressures Katherine to refer to the sun as the moon. After a brief tussle of wits, Petruchio acquiesces and agrees to adopt the line of thought forced on to her by Petruchio. This moment is captured in the YouTube video in which couple converses during a brief rest as they journey towards Padua to visit Petruchio’s father Baptista. One of the outstanding aspects of the video is that it projects†¦show more content†¦She poses a threat to the masculine nature of the society because she presents herself as an equal or even as superior to the men in the society. Therefore, it becomes necessary that she settles in a marriage with a man of Petruchio’s de meanor who can condition her transformation. From this perspective, marriage in the Victorian context is brought out as an institution that guarantees the taming of errant women. At the end of the play, Katherine has been completely transformed and is even more loyal to her husband than her previously coy sister. There is a sense in which the captured moment reveals the transformation that Katherine undergoes while in the green world. Notably, the dialogue takes place at some desolate spot that the video projects as a kind of a wasteland. Katherine has been away for some time and the transformation she has undergone is obvious to both the audience and the other characters. Soon after her marriage she moves to her matrimonial home where Petruchio deprives her of both food and sleep for several days (Shakespeare 17). The ordeal and other psychological afflictions that she incurs in the ‘green world’ force her to perceive of life from a new angle that underpins her transformation. Her rudeness has dissipated and she considers herself as a mentor to other women at the point when she gives a lengthy speech on the merits of wives’ obedience to their husbands. Evidently,Show MoreRelatedThemes in Taming of the Shrew1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew is a comedy wri tten in the early 1590’s by William Shakespeare. This play within a play starts when a powerful lord plays a prank on a poor, drunken man named Christopher Sly. The lord convinces the poor man that he is actually a lord himself and that the troop of actors that have arrived are there to perform a play for him. This play that the troop of actors performs is the story of Petruchio, who wants to marry for money, and Katherina, the shrew. The two actually marryRead MoreThemes Of The Taming Of The Shrew 2145 Words   |  9 PagesThemes in The Taming Of The Shrew â€Å"How and why the themes have changed over time from Shakespeare’s time to modern day themes.† Themes shown: Love, social roles and societies expectations and deception. The text â€Å"The Taming of The Shrew† and â€Å"Ten Things I Hate About You† share a variety of different themes, ranging from love to deception and money. The themes within both stories have shown how society has evolved with its values with things like money and power. Men during the Shakespearian timesRead MoreTheme Of Taming Of The Shrew1008 Words   |  5 Pagesof â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† is the fact that Katherine has to be married before her beautiful younger sister, Bianca, may be wedded. This is a problem because Katherine isn’t the prettiest woman and she is a â€Å"Shrew†. A shrew is an ill-tempered, aggressive, disobedient woman. The fact that Katherine is a shrew puts everybody off from marrying her. So the main conflict revolves around getting Katherine married. Some other conflicts that happen later on in the story would be â€Å"taming the shrew† by makingRead MoreTheme Of Petruchio In The Taming Of The Shrew840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Secret To Wed A Shrew Lust, wealth, and pride are undoubtedly insatiable. They are an impetus that drives one to embark on a challenging quest. However, when individuals become obsessed with them, they may even turn them into a villain. In William Shakespeare’s The Taming Of The Shrew, Petruchio is the villain that has all these insatiable curiosities. A male chauvinist, he is a boisterous nobleman from Verona who pursues Katherine even though he knows that she is fiery and obnoxious. DespiteRead MoreTheme Of Domestic Violence In Taming Of The Shrew908 Words   |  4 PagesTaming of the Shrew is a Shakespearean comedy about the relationship between the characters of Petruchio and Katherine.The main plot focuses on how Petruchio wishes to, and succeeds, marry Katherine -- who is known for her harshness-- and how Petruchio commands dominance over the â€Å"shrew†. Unfortunately domestic violence is the focus of the characters interactions but in order for one to enjoy the comedy, readers have to work to see from the â€Å"point of view of the abuser – that is they must minimizeRead MoreThe Power of Love in 10 Things I Hate About You and Taming of the Shrew1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of Love in 10 Things I Hate About You and Taming of the Shrew The Power of Love is portrayed in various themes throughout both. Some of which depict superficial love, motivation by money and love-at-first-sight. These ideas can be contrasted and compared between the 1500 Elizabethan time of Shakespeares play The Taming of the Shrew and the present contemporary period of teenage movie 10 Thing IRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew Analysis1334 Words   |  6 Pagestoxic and destructive. Shakespeare’s 1590s play ‘The taming of the shrew’ is a representation of mainstream society views and ideologies of the Elizabethan era. The play display what woman should do and not do. The play is a precise preservation of how female and males acted towards one another and singularly. Since the play has first be released ideas and belief over certain genders and their roles have changed. The play ‘The taming of the shrew’ which once embodied a love story is now seen a misogynisticRead MoreAnalysis Of Taming Of The Shrew 908 Words   |  4 PagesTaming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare, the indication of a woman being the possession of her husband, and having to do everything that he proposes her to do is presented. Katherine has to acquire appropriate manners toward a man in advance before her sister Bianca can wed. Bianca wishes to marry one of her suitors/bachelors, but she can’t due to tradition because the older sister has to marry first. In 10 Things I Hate About You, a analogous argument, the notion of a girl requiring appropriateRead MoreTaming Of The Shrew And 10 Thing I Hate About You1063 Words   |  5 Pagesisn’t the only thing that is valuable in this world. Although in many film texts this is not the case. Particularly in â€Å"Taming of the Shrew† and â€Å"10 Thing I Hate About You† because in both of the films, the main male characters Patrick and Petruchio are predominantly motivated by money. However, they ended up falling for Kat and Katharina who have been set up as the archetypal shrews in both films. During the Elizabethan era money was a major factor that influenced society’s view of your personal wealthRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of1100 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of the Shrew, is an embodiment of the context in which the text was shaped, the Renaissance. The Renaissance period was a time of progression, primarily in the areas of art, science, humanism, religion and self-awareness. The Renaissance focused on taking elements of the past including religion, art and science and adapting them to make them better. Humanists advocated for the freedom of the individuals

Effectiveness Of Phonological Awareness Interventions On...

Only one third of students in the U.S. are scoring at proficient levels on reading assessments. The data from 2013 to 2015 has remained relatively unchanged with one exception – children with intellectual disabilities reading scores have actually dropped (National Report Card, 2015). The purpose of this study was to determine if evidence-based reading interventions from the Florida Center for Reading Research (FCRR) would increase phoneme blending and segmenting skills in children who have intellectual disabilities. Two 1st grade special education students, ages 6 and 7, participated in an AB research design. Phoneme segmentation fluency and nonsense word fluency assessments (Dynamic Measurement Group, 2011) were completed at baseline and†¦show more content†¦IDEA also stated that any alternate assessment must be aligned to grade level standards (Towles-Reeves, Kleinart Muhomba, 2009). The research is expanding in the area of evidence-based reading interventions to i nclude children who have intellectual disabilities. Phonological awareness is gaining support as a critical element in reading instruction as shown in student performances using targeted intervention measures that align to the student’s instructional level and to reading standards (Lemons, Mrachko, Kostewicz, Paterra, 2012). Without explicit instruction in phonological awareness, a student will fall short in being able to understand the critical elements needed to read and will only be able to learn by memorization (Shankweiler Fowler, 2004). Based on these statistics, evidence-based reading interventions including phonological awareness must be included in reading instruction. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of evidence-based reading interventions that align with students’ instructional level and their achievement in literacy performance for first grade students who have intellectual disabilities (ID). The information presented focused on early lite racy development, phonological awareness, intellectualShow MoreRelatedThe Language Of A New Country And Culture2031 Words   |  9 PagesOnce families from Central America have immigrated to the United States of America, one of the first issues they will face is the language barrier. Acclimating to a new country and culture is already complicated; not being able to speak or read the native language adds to the challenges and demands immigrant families face. Six out of the seven Central American countries recognize Spanish as their official language, with Belize being the outlier having English as its official language. While the majorityRead MoreRti And An Rti Model Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pagesmight encounter when they begin an RTI model? ‘What is your vision for the future of UDL MTSS and RTI? Lastly, how is a referral for special education different for a student who was involved in the RTI model, versus a school without this model? First, I will begin with the term UDL is characterized and defined as a set of principles and techniques for use in the classroom and the design of accessible instructional materials. At its core is the assertion that when instructors increase the numberRead MoreImpact of Socioeconomic Status on Academic Performance4432 Words   |  18 Pagespersistent disparities, which are of a sizeable magnitude, present serious challenges to education policy makers as well as the educators. It is imperative to note that educational success is not only measured in test scores, but also in final grades, rates of dropping out, college entrance, and completion rates. Although this project mainly focuses on educational inequality in the United States, this is a problem experienced by many other developed countries. The focus on United States, howeverRead MoreCase Study for Autism13506 Words   |  55 Pagesthis study) who is thirteen years old. He is a tall caucasian male with blond hair, hazel eyes and an infectious smile. He was born on July 20, 1996. He is always moving, always fidgeting. He attends Middle School and is a student in the eighth grade. He is an avid horse rider and just won multiple ribbons in a recent regional horse show. He loves Christmas and will happily discuss the beauty of the seasonal decorations and his desire that it could stay Christmas everyday. This is also a young

Culture of Jamaica Free Essays

The first settlers of Jamaica called the land â€Å"Xaymaca† which means â€Å"Land of springs† (Pillai, 2013). It is said that this is where the name of the country came from. Jamaica is known for many things like its beaches, wildlife, and reggae music. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture of Jamaica or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jamaica has a mix of people from different races, religions, and countries so its culture is varied. Christopher Columbus discovered Jamaica in 1494, but people have in habited the island for thousands of years before. The Arawaks and Tainos are said to be the first ribes to settle on the island, between 4000 B. C. AND 1000 B. C. (Pillai, 2013). From 1494 to 1655, Jamaica was a Spanish colony. It was a British colony from 1655 to 1962. Jamaica was granted a new constitution in 1944 and gained universal suffrage. The country gained independence August 6, 1962 (Purcell, 2013). The population of Jamaica is 2,909,714 (FindTheData, 2013). 16. 5% of the population lives below the poverty line. Africans make up most of the Jamaican population. After Africans, many of the Jamaicans are multiracial and from Indian or Chinese decent (Pillai, 2013). English is the official language of Jamaica (Purcell, 2013). Jamaican Patois is the de facto national language of Jamaica, which is a Creole language (Pillai, 2013). It is the most commonly spoken language in the country. Many religions are practiced in Jamaica. Tainos, the first settlers, worshipped forces of nature like plants and animals. They believed in the God Yucahu and Goddess Atabey. They also worshipped good and evil spirits to prevent natural disasters (Pillai, 2013). Christianity made its way to the island with the colonizers. About 80% of Jamaicans are Christians. Rastafari developed in the 1920s in Jamaica. It is a â€Å"blend of Old Testament Christian faith, mystic beliefs, and African fundamentalist ideology. † The Rastas keep their hair long in dreadlocks, reject western society, and use marijuana spiritually (Pillai, 2013). Jamaicans have certain traditions and beliefs. A common birth rite is to bury the umbilical cord of a newborn baby, and usually a tree is planted over it, signifying that they are always connected to their birth place. Funerals are an important ritual to the Jamaicans. A big funeral is a sign ofa good life (Purcell, 2013). Nine Night is a Jamaican ceremony or funeral where friends and family sing, dance, and drink for eight nights then sing farewell songs on the ninth night. They rearrange the room of the deceased so their spirit will not recognize it and return. A last meal is set out under the silk-cotton tree, a hiding place for the spirits, for the diseased spirit (Pillai, 2013). Jamaican weddings are big, lavish, and family-oriented. Both families of the bride and groom meet before the wedding and friends start sending gifts like eggs for the cake (Pillai, 2013). Jamaican foods are usually hot and spicy. Their strong spices and herbs make heir dishes popular around the world. The national dish is the Ackee and Saltflsh. Spicy Jerk pork and Jerk chicken are very popular Jamaican cuisines. The national drink is Jamaican rum (Pillai, 2013). Rice is a ceremonial food. Curried goat meat is the main meal at parties, weddings, and tunerals (Purcell, 2 Jamaican attire is a combination of European and African style. Jamaican women wear brightly colored outfits of a skirt, top, and headscarf. Men wear brightly colored western-style clothes with short sleeves. Due to the humid weather, Jamaicans don’t wear heavy clothing; they prefer cotton clothing. Rastafarians wear clothes made of natural fibers. These clothes are always in their sacred colors of red, yellow, and green. â€Å"According to the Rastafarians, Red signifies the blood of the black people, Yellow stands for the gold that was stolen from Africa, and Green symbolizes the lost African lands† (Pillai, 2013). The also wear a tam or hat to go over their dreadlocks. The official currency of Jamaica is the Jamaican dollar (FindTheData, 2013). Manufacturing and services are the main sources of economy. Service includes tourism, which is a great contributor to the economy. Jamaica’s main trade allies are the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the Caribbean Economic Community. Major imports are consumer goods, construction hardware, electrical and telecommunication equipment, food, fuel, machinery, and transportation equipment. Jamaica’s major exports are bauxite and alumina, apparel, sugar, bananas, coffee, citrus and citrus products, rum, cocoa, and labor (Purcell, 2013). Jamaica’s gross domestic product (GDP) is $25,620,000,000. Their GDP per capita is $8,900, which is also the world average. Jamaica has a high inflation rate of 6. 9%. They also have a high unemployment rate of 14% (FindTheData, 2013). The country is in a bad economic situation. Jamaica has a bicameral parliamentary legislative system. They are a member of the British Commonwealth. The British monarch, the governor general, the prime minister and deputy prime minister, and the cabinet make up the executive branch. The Senate and the sixty members elected to the House of Representatives make up the legislative branch. The Judicial branch is the Supreme Court and lower courts. The main political parties are the People’s National Party and the Jamaica Labor Party Purcell, 2013). Sociologists would need to know about Jamaican custom to know what not to say or do around Jamaicans to not offend them. They would need to know some of Jamaican history which would let them know that there was much slavery and oppression during the colonial period. Jamaicans might get offended if this subject is brought up in the wrong manner. It would be wise for sociologists to know that the Jamaican Patois language is a symbol of defiance from European cultural authority (Purcell, 2013). Their Jamaican identity is very important to them. Their identity ncludes many things like their religion traditions and customs. How to cite Culture of Jamaica, Papers

Macroeconomic Issues Available in the Internet

Question: Describe about the macroeconomic issues with the help of some data available in the internet? Answer: Introduction The macroeconomic policies are the primary source of any economy to decide the path of its development, but it is the most complex issue of the World. The policies taken by the policy makers vary from country to country. It causes the economy to fluctuate as par the recession or boom faced by the economy. The country I have chosen here is United States. I will explain how the economy has grown from the year of 2004 to year of 2013 so that the unemployment, poverty, inflation rate, stability in prices, economic growth got affected over the stipulated time period. I will discuss here the ups and downs face by the economy of United States so that it affects the economys performance of the country (Cavoli Rajan, 2009). Macroeconomic performance Five type statistic like GDP constant price, GDP annual growth rate, real GDP per capital, unemployment rate and inflation rate to discuss the macroeconomic performance of the economy. The point to be noted is that the issue of migration is severe in that country. So the effect of this, along with the other variables also has to be taken into consideration while discussing the overall performance of the economy (Goh, 2004). The United Stated Economy The United Stated economy has triggered the fast forward economic growth from the 2000s. The economy has now become the first and foremost destination of the jobseekers and businessmen. This is sometimes beneficial for the economy as it increases the GDP produced within the geographical area of the economy. The real growth rate has been severely increased from 2004 to 2013 due to this. But the government is also very much infrastructural development oriented so that the urbanization of the country causes to add to the real GDP more than ever within this stipulated time period. But migration has affected it negatively so that it causes the economy to suffer from unemployment (Hoogendoorn, 2012). The United States has one of the most diversified and most technologically advanced economies in the world. Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, leasing, health care, social assistance, professional, business and educational services account for more than 40 percent of GDP. Retail and whol esale trade creates another 12 percent of the wealth. The government related services fuel 13 percent of GDP. Utilities, transportation and warehousing and information account for 10 percent of the GDP. Manufacturing, mining, and construction constitute 17 percent of the output. Agriculture accounts for only 1.5 percent of the GDP, yet due to use of advance technologies, the United States is a net exporter of food. Economy Strategy United States has mainly adopted an export oriented policy framework. It finances most of the foreign direct investment used in the economy. It causes to the economy to urbanize itself and it helps to make a significant status in the map of the worlds economy. United States has no natural resource. In spite of this, the development it achieved causes the economy to step forward to the industrialization to keep the pace of the growth unchanged. The strategies taken by the government of United States can be divided in three ways (Huff, 1994). The strategic role of the government An uninterrupted development of the infrastructure ('Issue Information', 2015) The mobilization of human capital The country taking these above three strategies together has confronted massive growth of development. In the previous period it used to earn the national income by using the semi-skilled labour force and the physical capital used to develop the infrastructure to make the country urbanized like the western countries. Now as time passes, the country emphasizes to develop a huge amount of infrastructural development so that the economies will try to make the workers highly skilled so that they can use them as another capital named human capital in their own industrialization process (Kang Leong, 2012). Production Output Performance Analysis United States is the first choice now for the investors. They try to exploit the economys resources to develop their own business. This inflow of finance from the global investors also benefitted United States. Here the political dimension of the globalized economy has emerged. It needs the stabilization of the political environment of the economy which is highly noticed in United States. And no doubt, this is an added advantage for the economy to flourish further. The reason is quite obvious. It results in ample time to implement a policy and can give good observational period. If the political stability is not maintained over a country, the government will be changed frequently and it will cause to change the policies it would have taken as economic policies unfortunately varies over political ideologies. Now frequent change in policies cannot implement them properly within short time period. So, effects of the different kind of economic policies result in totally ambiguous policie s. What we can observe in case of United States is its stable political situation has positively affected the economy towards development thus adding dollars to the gross domestic product of the economy (Lovelock, 2001). As we have said above the economy is mostly export oriented. The major part of the Gross Domestic Product comes from the trading business it does with its partners internationally. The economy mostly exported electronics and chemical goods to the foreign countries. American economy has ample natural resources. It is mostly a natural resource abundant country. So no doubt it has a lot of opportunity to develop it makes difficult to the economy to suffer without water as it is also scarce in that country. So they buy it too. The chart above shows the trend in GDP at constant prices of the US for the years 2004-2013. GDP at constant prices is calculated by the total expenditure of the goods and services within an economy for a specified period of time. The GDP of the US is recorded by the World Bank. In the year 2013, the GDP at constant prices was 15500.2 USD Billion and that in the year 2004 the GDP at constant prices was 13706.2 USD Billion of the US. The GDP at constant prices has increased over the years except for the year 2009 where it declined due to the global economic crisis. What we can observe in the above diagram is that the economy has a consistent fall in the Gross Domestic Product Annual Growth Rate over the years. In the year of 2008, 2009 it was even negative. The reason is probably the severity of the recession experienced by the economy. We can better understand by a diagrammatic representation of the diagram. There is a huge fall in the GDP growth rate of the economy of US in the year of the 2009. If we minutely observe that even in the year of 2004 it had more growth rate than it achieved in the year of 2013. There was a consistent fall from the year 2004 to 2007. But after 2007 a sharp fall has been noticed. But here point to be noted that it is severely increased from 2009 to 2010. But after that it has been slightly decreased in 2011. The reason may be the aftershock of the recession. The GDP per capita is obtained by dividing the GDP with the population of the country which is adjusted by the inflation. The GDP per capita was recorded to be 45863.02 US dollars in the year 2013 in the US and it was recorded to be the highest. The graph below shows that the GDP per capita in the US has been increasing over the years except for the year 2010 which is mainly due to the global economic crisis. The chart below shows the trend in GDP per capita in the US for the years 2004-2013. Labour Market Analysis Now we discuss the unemployment rate of the United Stated economy from 2004 to 2013. Here point to be noted that United States itself is not a population abandoned country but as the economy grows, the migration from the other countries created a severe problem regarding employment in this country. The people migrated from other countries are obviously either job seekers or students. Now as United States majorly adopts a capital intensive production technique so that the people migrated here for seeking job are obviously skilled ones who make an added advantage to the human capital of United States. Now as the investors as well as the owner of the firms are not at all bothered about the economic situation, they are solely interested to their profit. And it is quite natural as they are not nonprofit organization, so they will hardly take care of the social impact of their activities as well as the macroeconomic consequences of the event. So what we can observe in the above that the government of United States has taken proper policy so that the unemployment rate is getting decreased in the economy. It had been increased again in 2009 suddenly, but ultimately it has been controlled by the government. Here point to be noted that though US is the tenth largest economy as per the per capita GDP growth rate of the economy, still, its unemployment rate is quite high in spite of being one of the most developed economies of the world. In the recession period there has been huge unemployment which is noticed during 2009-2010 (Stater Wenger, 2015). Now in United States it has been observed that the people migrated their get huge facilities to study over there too. So, from the growing stage of the human capital the natives are getting exploited. The capital intensive techniques demand more of skilled labour which they mostly higher from the migrated people. In case of unskilled labour demand the native people gets hired. On the other way, as the higher study is also easier for the migrated students, the native students remain unskilled and the salary structure in the firms demoralizes them further to make higher studies. So, the people of the country itself remain more unskilled so that they will make a smaller contribution to their own countries economic growth. Price Level Analysis For the inflationary behaviour of the economy, first we explain the term inflation. Then follow by macroeconomic reasons behind the occurrence of it and macroeconomic consequences, how the economy of United States is getting affected, can be picturized ('Referees for July 2012-June 2013', 2013). Inflation observed in any economy is majorly of two types- demand pull inflation and cost push inflation (Risa, n.d.). Demands pull inflation: Increase in price of the product due to increase in demand of that Reasons: If money supply M remains constant or increases smaller than that of price P, M/P increases, which results inflation. If population increases, it creates it creates excess demand which causes inflation (Sng, 2010) Cost Push Inflation: Increase in price of the product due to increase in price of the factor inputs If factor price increase, production cost will increase, thereby causing increase in the price level An increase in wage-rate for either excess labour demand or the collective bargaining of the trade-union (Sng Chia, 2010) It mostly influences the economy as cost of consumption increases, the depreciation of capital goods of the economy began to increase, and this is the ultimate results of the inflation which affects the American economy as a whole. What we can observe along the years in the US economy as par the inflation occurred there is represented tabular form in the following. Here we majorly analyse the inflation with respect to the consumer price index. It majorly had been constructed considering the goods and services for the consumption of household. So the changes on those goods and services considered in that construction affect the purchasing power parity of the consumers of United States. Thus inflation makes people to feel poorer as the value of the income decreases thus affecting their welfare also (Sugimoto, 2011). Here in the above diagram we can see that there are huge ups and downs of the inflation rate in the last few years. From the 2004 to 2008 the volatility was on an average consistent. Here point to be noted among the last few years i.e. within the year of 2004 to 2008, the maximum inflation has been observed in the year of 2008. It was 3.8 percent. But after that a sharp fall has been noticed. In 2009, there was economic recession observed in the economy. So what we can observe in the diagram is that there is a sharp fall in the inflation rate in that year. Not only that, it was negative during the recession period. Now the thing is that in the recession period the income of the people falls. So the demand for the goods and services falls. So, price falls due to the excess supply occurring in the economy, as the gap between the demand and supply decreases. Conclusion Here we have described the macroeconomic issues with the help of some data available in the internet. But here point to be noted that, it is an aggregate level analysis. So, if we consider the disaggregate level, we may see any other results. For example, the analysis regarding the level of unemployment is totally dependent upon the overall population of the economy which includes migrated people as well as natives. So, if it is tried to analyse them separately we may see the result other way, i.e., then the actual picture can be understood about the discrimination among the native people and the migrated ones. But in case of productivity analysis, it has been undoubtedly developed so much so that from travel and tourism department to the manufacturing industry it has been the foremost destination for all the job providers to job seekers, and even for the tourists and travellers (Underhill, 2009).

Is the statutory ban against idling motor vehicle engines is helpful in improving the air quality of Hong Kong free essay sample

Although the statutory ban against idling motor vehicle engines is helpful in improving the air quality of Hong Kong, there are some exemptions which cannot be avoided. For example : traffic jams occur and all the vehicles will remain stationary but have their engines on. This situation cannot apply to the ban because the drivers are forced to idle their cars and they are not willing to do that, so they are not considered to violate the law. Another exemption is that some vehicles need to keep their engines on in order to prevent the deterioration of their goods, such as vehicles which their owners sell their ice-cream and the engines are needed to turn on in order to provide the refrigerative function. Therefore, can we say that the ban is effective? In our group, we all agree that it is ineffective in lowering the API of Hong Kong because there are many exemptions in the ban and a lot of drivers can escape from the law. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the statutory ban against idling motor vehicle engines is helpful in improving the air quality of Hong Kong? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, the sources of air pollutants are not only from the vehicles, but also from the operations of factories and power stations, so only establishing law to prevent the drivers from idling the motor vehicle engines is not enough to protect our living environment. We need to have other possible solutions to help meliorating the problem. In order to reduce the air pollutants emitted by the vehicles, we suggest installing a 3-way catalytic converter, which can oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide 2CO + O2 2CO2, unburnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water CxH2x+2 + (3x+1)/2 O2 xCO2 + (x+1) H2O and reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen 2NOx ï ¹ ¥N2 ï ¼â€¹ xO2. Nevertheless, the catalytic converter cannot be used on leaded petrol vehicles because Lead will poison the catalyst such as Platinum inside the converter. Indeed, there are more possible solutions to solve the problem. Expanding the rail network or using public transports instead of private cars can also improve the air quality because the amount of cars used can be reduced and the emission of pollutants from cars can also be diminished. The usage of environment-friendly cars are also effective due to the use of electricity instead of hydrocarbons to provide fuels for motion, but these types of cars have a higher cost and inconvenient for charging the batteries frequently. Moreover, planting trees not only can help absorbing the excess carbon dioxide emitted from power stations or vehicles, this method can also help regulating the temperature because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which can cause global warming. To conclude, all people should have the responsibilities to take part in improving the air quality. The statutory ban is not sufficient to improve the air quality, so other methods which have mentioned before should be introduced. If people in Hong Kong can have more concern about our poor living environment, we are sure that they will contribute for improving it throughout their daily lives. We hope that people can pay more attention to this situation and thus Hong Kongs API can be lowered

muslim fundamentalists essays

muslim fundamentalists essays Muslim Fundamentalists in Pakistan In the country of Pakistan, the major religion is that of the Muslim faith. But not all of 130 million citizens of Pakistan that are Muslim are considered fundamentalists, in fact, a small number of Muslims in Pakistan are fundamentalists. According to the Pakistan government, 77% are Sunni Muslim, 20% are Shia Muslim, 1.5% are Christian, and the remaining 1.5% are Ahmadi, Hindus, Zirkis, followers of other faiths, or people that follow no organized or recognized religion. But the Muslim faith was not that of the original Pakistani culture. Moreover, the Muslim fundamentalists who follow the Quran, tend to carry many conflicts between their literal beliefs, and what the Quran literally says. In second and third millennium B.C., India and Pakistan were the home of the Indus Valley civilization, a kingdom with wealth. Then, in about 1500 B.C., the entire civilization was obliterated by the Aryans. The constantly changing chain of command begins here. The Aryans were overtaken by the Persians, the Persians were overtaken by Alexander the Great, Alexander was followed by the Selucids, the Selucids were overtaken by the Mauryas, the Mauryas were overtaken by the Bactrians, the Bactrians were conquered by the Scythians, the Scythians were conquered by the Parthians, the Parthians were removed by the Kushans, the Kushans were overtaken by Muslim Arabs, the Arabs were conquered by the Turks, the Turks were eventually ousted by the British, the British were ousted by the Persians, the Persians were conquered by the Afghans, and the Afghans were ousted by the Sikhs. From this history of constantly changing rule from all over the world, any native culture that ever existed in Pa kistan has been long since wiped out. Pakistan's primary distinction for the last 3,500 years or so has been the frequency and viciousness of the wars fought over it. After the Sikhs claimed rule, the modern history of t...

Virtual Collaboration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Virtual Collaboration - Essay Example tal technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaborately plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative IT and E-Commerce applications† (Turban, McLean and Wetherbe 144). The current discourse hereby aims to present virtual collaboration through lessons learned from in-class and online events summaries, as perceived to be applicable in a future career. Virtual collaboration through social events was recognized to be the most popular, by far. The most relevant lessons learned from social events include the following: (1) selection of topics which are interesting to prospective participants; (2) using communication medium that would reach the target audience: social networking sites, email, smartphones, among others; (3) use of innovative approaches, like gamification; and (4) assignment of roles, or delegation of tasks by events’ organizers. One learned that there are disparities in techniques in in-class versus online events. For in-class social events, there are opportunities for face-to-face interactions to augment virtual collaboration, when needed. For instance, organizers could require weekly face-to-face group meetings to resolve conflicts, iron out concerns, and monitor the progress of assigned tasks. In contrast, in purely on-line social events where there are no opportunities for face-to-face interactions, the participants rely solely on online or electronic medium to communicate. As such, there should be regular interaction using various social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter) and other electronic medium (Skype, university sites, email). Major lessons learned from in-class activities that enriched one’s understanding of the topic are categorized as follows: (1) enhance opportunities for personal interaction with other members of the class which improved one’s confidence in interpersonal communication; (2) commitment to cultural diversity within the university encouraged one’s respect for

Research proposal in identity theft in banking,uk Essay

Research proposal in identity theft in banking,uk - Essay Example 1 billion every year to identity theft which is already sending warning signals to the online bankers. With more banks venturing in online services and online financial transfer is dominant in these sectors, the banks and the customers are at a very high risk of losing their money to fraudsters. This research intends to narrow down to cybercrime, an area that has had little coverage by researchers of identity theft, yet a threatening one. By taking a quantitative approach to identify the severity cybercrime in identity theft and identifying possible security approaches that can be used to reduce instances of identity theft, it is possible to make viable recommendations that would go way far in reducing identity theft. Problem statement In the UK, the banking sector loses approximately ?1 billion to cyber crime and customer trust is at stake in this sector (Barclays, 2013). The banking sector is a major contributor to the economy of the country contributing about 8% of the UK Gross Do mestic Product. Therefore, it is one of the sectors that must be protected to ensure economic stability in the UK. Online banking is an innovative strategy that has enhanced business growth in the UK and has ensured customer comfort and satisfaction. However, as the internet technology grows, network aware experts delve in cyber crime and take advantage of innocent customers who do not know the threats that they expose themselves to wherever they conduct an online bank transaction in the UK. By identifying the vulnerability of the people and possible mitigation measures it is possible to protect the banking industry and consequently contribute to the economic development of the UK. Research Questions This research study intends to provide the answers to two critical research questions; What are the factors that predispose customers to identity theft during their online transactions? And what are the possible mitigation measures that would reduce the risk of customers falling victims of cybercrime? Objectives of the Study Main objectives To identify the factors that predispose customers to identity theft during their online bank transactions. To identify possible mitigative measures to protect online bank transactions from cyber crime. Specific Objectives To gather information from the public on their awareness risk of the identity theft while conducting online bank transactions. To assess the UK bank's security policies that protect their customers from identity theft within the scope of their online services. To identify the efficiency of the banking security policies in protecting their customers from cybercrime. To quantitatively analyse the data and make possible conclusions on identity theft To make viable recommendations on the possible measures that can protect bank customers from identity theft. Literature Review According to Haldane (2011, Para. 3), an economic analyst, the UK banking sector contributes to over 8% of the country gross domestic product and employs millions of UK residents. This points out that the UK banking sector is a major contributor in the economic development of the country, hence the need to protect it from any kind of business threat. Surprisingly, the UK banking sector continues to lose over ?1 billion every year from identity theft which has led to loss of trust in customers and a consequential drop in their revenue margin. In the current technology driven business sector,

Differentiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Differentiation - Essay Example Therefore we say that differentiation is the respect for individual differences among learners. There are certain ways on how I implement proper differentiation techniques. At the onset, I set very clear learning goals. I explain the subject syllabi; the topics to be explained for the entire school year, the requirements for the class and expected students' learning outputs, the time table for every topic, and discuss my expectations from the class. Upon the start of every lesson, I lay down specific objectives. For instance, if I start the topic on Measurements I inform the class of the objectives which is after studying the lesson, they should be able to illustrate the development of measurement from primitive to the present international systems of units; and be familiar with the standards of measure. In this manner, the class is well informed of what to expect and enable them to prepare themselves for the tasks to come. I pre-assess students; who are those lacking some precursor skills, who among those already know some, or a great deal about the topic ahead, what are the students' interests and how it can help them deal with the topics to be learned, and finally how students learn best. I use various pre-assessment tools, from written tests, to board work, and work books. Knowing where areas they are good at and the way they absorb the lesson will help me as a teacher to prepare instructional materials suited to their level of understanding. It is expected that in an effectively differentiated class it should include whole class and small group instructional time since with that I can target students' particular interests and needs in the context of helping all my students achieve their desired goal. Throughout the time, I continuously monitor student progress to better understand who might need more complex materials, additional teacher support and intervention to master key concepts, and additional time on a topic either because of deeper liking to the subject matter or because of a need for more support. In the latter case, I also encourage paired activities to where I pair up one that I identified to be good at the topic and one who is quite poor. That way, peer learning is encouraged and they solve mathematical problems together. The better ones would explain the solutions in their own words and ways and somehow it makes understanding easier for the other students. This is enlisting the help of students to make the class work as smoothly as it can in ways that allow consideration to individual needs. It is also beneficial that students would use different materials, work with different tasks, and work in different student groupings, or even have special homework. A similar a ctivity about fractions happened to my class where I assigned various activities for the different groups. I gave one group to answer verbal problems; another is to create a model that would show the divisions of the parts and represent it in fraction forms, and last is drawing the diagram of real numbers and give as many examples on fractions. It is however a fact that no classroom can be a perfect fit for every student every minute of every day, but it should at least be the case where students generally feel both challenged

Herzbergs Theory Of Motivation Management Essay

Herzbergs Theory Of Motivation Management Essay After describing research background, problem statement, research question and objective, and significant of study in chapter 1, in this chapter provide the literature review of the past empirical studies. It is discuss about the theoretical foundation, review of the prior empirical studies of the independent variables, research model and hypotheses development. 2.1 Theoretical Foundation The main contribution of this research is Herzbergs theory of motivation. This theory is also known as the two-factor theory. Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory is developed by Professor Frederick Irving Herzberg in year 1959 (Herzberg, 1966). It divides into two groups of factors known as the motivator factors and hygiene factors. Table 2.1 shows the factors of motivator and hygiene which are lead to job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction. Source: Chen. K. (2005). Factors affecting job satisfaction of public sector employees in Taiwan. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Under hygiene factors, lower level of employees needs will lead to de-motivate if they do not meet the factors but not necessarily motivate. When higher level of employees needs is met, therefore true motivation only exists (La Motta, 1995). According to Herzberg (1966) motivators are the real factors that motivate employees that can create job satisfaction and achieve the organizations goal. In prior research, Tan and Waheed (2011) are examined that what can motivate employees and their level of job satisfaction in the retail industry by using Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory. They founded that working conditions are the most significant in motivating sales personnel. The second is recognition and followed by company policy and salary. These were the factors that improved level of job satisfaction. Other than using Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory in the retail industry, Azash, Safare and Kumar (2011) are made a study about the motivational factors and job satisfaction on selected public and private sector bank employees in India. In Malaysia, these are some researchers done a study by examines the relationship between motivator and hygiene factors of the two-factor theory and job satisfaction of Gen-Y (Golshan et al., 2011). Table 2.2: Brief Definitions for the Factors of Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory Factors Definition Recognition Acts of praise, notice, or blame complete by one or more peer, superior, colleague, client, management person, and the general public. Achievement Accomplishment of actions including instances where failures were incurred. Similarly, instances were included whether success or failures were incurred. Work Itself The actual job performance connected to job satisfaction. Responsibility Satisfaction resulting that being given power of personal work or new job responsibilities and the work of others. Advancement Selected an actual change in job status. Possibility of growth A possible where was change in status, in fact, the change could be downward or upward in status. Supervision The supervisors willingness to teach subordinates and willingness or unwillingness to delegate responsibility. Policy and administration Events of the organization which included some aspects were related to job satisfaction. Working condition Quality of work, physical working conditions, and facilities which are related to job satisfaction. Interpersonal relations Relationships between subordinates, superiors and peers. Job security Feeling that person feel have an appropriate job and also guarantee its persistence as well as absence of threatening matter in the future. Salary All sequences of actions in which major role is compensation. Source: Castillo, J. X., Cano, J. (2004). Factors explaining job satisfaction among faculty. Journal of Agricultural Eduction, 45(3). According to Tripathi (2001) employees can be motivated by economic reward, job security, recognition, promotion and training to enhance job satisfaction. Robbins (2005) also shows work itself were most important factors that influence job satisfaction. In this research, Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory will mainly be undertaken to investigate on the significance of factors such as commission pay, job security, opportunities for advancement and development and work itself in affecting job satisfaction among insurance agents in Malaysia. 2.2 Review of the Prior Empirical Studies 2.2.1 Commission Pay According to Cheng (2011) commissions is a sum of money based on individual capacity and performance upon completion of a task that generally paid as percentage of the sales based on sales volume, not for the period of time that individual work. Pathak and Tripathi (2010) exploratory a study to investigate the relationship between monetary benefit associated with the job satisfaction of the Indian insurance field. A survey was conducted among 350 employees who had worked in or left insurers. Based on this study, it can conclude that monetary benefit is primary need for employees and is a variable that important to job satisfaction. Besides, past researcher Tan et al. (2011) conducted a study to investigate the relationship between pay and its influences on the level of job satisfaction in the retail industry. Questionnaire had allocated to 152 respondents among the employees and conclude that pay have influence on the job satisfaction of employees. Therefore, pay was significantly and positively related to job satisfaction. Individual when receive high monetary payment are satisfied with their job. Moreover, Parvin and Kabir (2011) also conducted a study to investigate the relationship between pay affecting the job satisfaction of pharmaceutical field. Researchers conducted research with survey method by closed-ended interview-schedule to collect primary data. The research concluded that pay is a significant factor that can influence job satisfaction among employees. These few research shows the positive and significant relationship among the pay and job satisfaction. Thus, this research assumes that there is significant relationship between commissions pay and job satisfaction among insurance agents. 2.2.2 Job Security According to Lacy and Sheehan (1997) indicated that an obvious relationship subsists between job security and satisfaction of employees in work. A forecaster of employees job satisfaction is security of services which bring out the meaning of a function that has a substantial connected to the job satisfaction of employees (Siddique, Malik Abbass, 2002). A study has been done by Noble (2008) to investigate how job security will influence the job satisfaction among sales managers. Questionnaires were randomly distributed to 292 sales managers of a national car rental chain in the United States. The findings demonstrated that there are positive relationships between job security and job satisfaction. In addition, Gazioglu and Tansel (2006) carry out a research exploring the relationships between job security and job satisfaction within workplace employees. A total of 28,240 questionnaires were allocated to a sample of British employees from the Workplace Employee Relations Survey. The study concluded that job security is significant related to the job satisfaction. Furthermore, Nikolaou, Theodossiou and Vasileiou (2006) conducted a finding to survey the relationships between job security and job satisfaction in European countries. In this study, a sample of 6,326 workers from Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, The Netherlands, Spain and The United Kingdom was selected and sent out the questionnaires. This research points out there is significant of associations between job security and job satisfaction. Based on the three past studied above, this research proposes that job security is significantly related to the job satisfaction of insurance agents. Therefore, this study suggests that job security can help to improve job satisfaction among insurance agents. 2.2.3 Opportunities for Advancement and Development Wong and Wong (2005) stated that opportunities for advancement and development is one of the vital motivation factors that may be used by employer to motivate the employees on their job satisfaction. According Robbins (1998) opportunities for advancement and development provide the employees opportunities for personal growth in their current workplace, greater responsibility and social status. Lim (2008) conducted a study exploring the relationship between promotion opportunities due to technical expertise and job satisfaction of library IT workers. This research give some details about IT workers satisfy on their jobs compare with others. Data was collected using a random sampling technique which is out of 443 mail surveys were sent to IT workers of 30 libraries that were randomly selected from the 99 university member libraries of Association of Research Libraries in the United States and 202 surveys were returned by target respondents in result of 45.6%. From this research, the findings showed that there is a positive relationship between promotion opportunities and job satisfaction. A research was done by Chng, Chong and Nakesvari (2010) to investigate the relationship between promotion opportunities that influence job satisfaction of private college lecturers in Penang. Questionnaires were allocated to three colleges which is 180 sets among 19 private colleges. The questionnaires of this research collected back 135 sets from respondents. Based on this study, the result concluded that there is significant relationship between promotion opportunities with job satisfaction. Naveed, Usman and Bushra (2011) carried out a study to investigate the relationship between promotion and job satisfaction in employees of glass industry in Lahore, Pakistan. The data collection showed that 156 sets of questionnaires were received back out of 200 questionnaires which were randomly selected from 1,500 employees. The findings of this research indicate that there is a moderate and positive relationship between promotion and job satisfaction. Thus, this research assumes that an opportunity for advancement and development is positively related to job satisfaction among insurance agents according to three past studies. Nowadays, insurance agents are more emphasize in opportunities for advancement and development. 2.2.4 Work Itself According to Robbins, Odendaal and Roodt (2003) work itself is the degree to which the job provides human being with stimulating tasks, the chances of learning and personal growth, and the opportunity to be responsible and accountable for the outcomes. Shah, Rehman, Akhtar, Zafar and Riaz (2012) carried out a study investigating the relationship between the natures of work itself and job satisfaction of teachers in Public Educational Institutions in Rawalpindi area. The questionnaires of this study distributed to 379 respondents and 294 surveys were received. The findings of this research indicate that there is a significant relationship between work itself and job satisfaction. In the report done by Chuang, Yin and Jenkins (2009) to examine the relationship between the work itself and job satisfaction of casino hotel chefs in Las Vegas. The surveys were conducted by interview 25 major casino hotel chefs and one chef from academic field. From the research conducted it was evident that there is positively relationship between the work itself and job satisfaction. The research done by Castillo and Cano (2004) to inspect the relationship between the nature of job itself and job satisfaction of faculty members at the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences in The Ohio State University. Questionnaires of this research were distributed to 172 respondents and 148 questionnaires were returned from respondents. This research concludes that there is significant relationship between work itself and job satisfaction. Based on three past studies above, the researchers propose that work itself is positively related to the job satisfaction of insurance agents. Thus, this study recommends that the work itself can help to improve the job satisfaction of insurance agents. 2.3 Proposed Conceptual Framework/Research Model Figure 2.1: Theoretical Framework Independent Variables Dependent Variable Commission Pay Job Satisfaction Job Security Work Itself Opportunities for Advancement and Development Source: Castillo, J. X., Cano, J. (2004). Factors explaining job satisfaction among faculty. Journal of Agricultural Education, 45(3). 2.4 Hypotheses Development Commission Pay H0: There is no significant relationship between commission pays and job satisfaction among insurance agents. H1: There is a significant relationship between commission pay and job satisfaction among insurance agents. Job Security H0: There is no significant relationship between job security and job satisfaction among insurance agents. H2: There is a significant relationship between job security and job satisfaction among insurance agents. Opportunities for Advancement and Development H0: There is no significant relationship between opportunities for advancement and development and job satisfaction among insurance agents. H3: There is a significant relationship between opportunities for advancement and development and job satisfaction among insurance agents. Work Itself H0: There is no significant relationship between work itself and job satisfaction among insurance agents. H4: There is a significant relationship between work itself and job satisfaction among insurance agents. 2.5 Conclusion From the past studies review in this chapter, it found that all the independent variables has significant relationship between the dependent variable. Research model and hypotheses were developed from the review of past studies. The research methodology will be providing in chapter 3.

Choosing Between Graduate School and the Peace Corps Essay -- Personal

The Peace Corps is an organization of people who are America’s international helpers. This is a federal government program that was designed to bring about peace and hospitality to developing countries. This organization has a virtuous history of people of all race backgrounds and genders who come together to help others. The volunteers have no obligation toward the people of the world but they serve by their own intent as Americans and individuals. Volunteers who finish their service are of great character because they offer their own time to help those in need. They are the people with hearts and minds that are ready to give their energy to endure what situations that may rise in their service. However a person going into graduate school is different. Graduate school is for a serious minded student who knows what direction they want to follow in life. It is a decision of great commitment and it hard to keep. It is of great importance to some individuals to finish such a chal lenging process. Graduate school can be a gateway into internships and career opportunities into different work fields such as psychology. Graduate school and Peace corps are both where the mind, body and spirit are pushed into new areas of understanding. My question is should I go straight into graduate school or into the Peace Corps? â€Å"After earning a bachelor’s degree, an individual chooses from among the following options: enroll in graduate school either in the same or different academic field, enroll in a first-professional degree program, pursue foreign study, or work full-time† (Perna 489). The options for not going into any further education only seem to lead into working full time. Along with today’s uncertainty of already obtain bachelor degrees ... .... Peace Corps Volunteers, First. The Peace Corps Reader. 2. Washingtion: Quadrangke Books, 1967. Print. Perna, Laura W. "Understanding the Decision to Enroll in Graduate School: Sex and Racial/Ethnic Group Differences." Journal of Higher Education 75.5 (2004): 487- 527.Web. Quinn,Latasha.†Peace Corps Survey.†Survey.5 November 2011.web. . Reavis, Elizabeth. Personal Interview. 27 Oct.2011. Storti, Craig, Peace Corps, and Laurette Bennhold-Samaan.Culture Matters, The Peace Corps Cross-cultural Workbook. Washingtion: Peace Corps, 1997. Print. Tufts, James H. "American College Education and Life." Science 29.741 (1909): pp. 407-414. Web. Vasquez, Gaddi. A Life Inspired, Tales Of Peace Corps Service. U.S. govt. official ed. Washingtion: Peace Corps (U.S.), 2007. Print.

Essay on Prestcom

Political–> Currently we are fairly stable politically which can help trade run smoothly. Energy Saving initiatives can help boost the sales of the Dyson Airblade if for example businesses receive a grant to help pay for the replacement of inefficient electrical appliances e. g traditional style hand dryers. Regulatory–> The product has to be safe to use as it involves electricity and water. Has to be easy to clean so hygienic. Also not damaging to the user e. g the airjets being too powerful.Economic–> Coming out of a recession so businesses may be less inclined to spend money on new appliances, especially ones with a premium price tag such as the Airblade. However it may mean companies are more likely to look into energy saving alternatives to products to try and save money on electricity. Social–> Socially people are more likely to want to protect the environment and may be more likely to look into energy saving options such as the Dyson Airblade. Socia lly companies may be pressurised into investing into environmentally friendly options. Technology–> The dyson Airblade uses cutting edge state of the art technology.Competitors–> Quite a lot of alternative products which offer very similar benefits but at a lower price such as the Xcelarator and the Airforce. Opportunities–> Dyson could release a cheaper product but carries the same dyson brand name, this could draw sales away from cheaper hand dryers as people may be attracted by the brand of dyson. Market–> One of the market leaders expensive but top of the range, may be seen as a premium product, carriers the dyson brand name which means it is highly thought of, however there are lots of cheaper alternatives availiable.

Vampire Academy Chapter 9

NINE I SNAPPED INTO HER MIND, once again seeing and directly experiencing what went on around her. She was sneaking into the chapel's attic again, confirming my worst fears. Like last time, she met no resistance. Good God, I thought, could that priest be any worse about securing his own chapel? Sunrise lit up the stained-glass window, and Christian's silhouette was framed against it: he was sitting in the window seat. â€Å"You're late,† he told her. â€Å"Been waiting a while.† Lissa pulled up one of the rickety chairs, brushing dust off it. â€Å"I figured you'd be tied up with Headmistress Kirova.† He shook his head. â€Å"Not much to it. They suspended me for a week, that's all. Not like it's hard to sneak out.† He waved his hands around. â€Å"As you can see.† â€Å"I'm surprised you didn't get more time.† A patch of sunlight lit up his crystal-blue eyes. â€Å"Disappointed?† She looked shocked. â€Å"You set someone on fire!† â€Å"No, I didn't. Did you see any burns on him?† â€Å"He was covered in flames.† â€Å"I had them under control. I kept them off of him.† She sighed. â€Å"You shouldn't have done that.† Straightening out of his lounging position, he sat up and leaned toward her. â€Å"I did it for you.† â€Å"You attacked someone for me?† â€Å"Sure. He was giving you and Rose a hard time. She was doing an okay job against him, I guess, but I figured she could use the backup. Besides, this'll shut anyone else up about the whole fox thing, too.† â€Å"You shouldn't have done that,† she repeated, looking away. She didn't know how to feel about this â€Å"generosity.† â€Å"And don't act like it was all for me. You liked doing it. Part of you wanted to – just because.† Christian's smug expression dropped, replaced by one of uncharacteristic surprise. Lissa might not be psychic, but she had a startling ability to read people. Seeing him off guard, she continued. â€Å"Attacking someone else with magic is forbidden – and that's exactly why you wanted to do it. You got a thrill out of it.† â€Å"Those rules are stupid. If we used magic as a weapon instead of just for warm and fuzzy shit, Strigoi wouldn't keep killing so many of us.† â€Å"It's wrong,† she said firmly. â€Å"Magic is a gift. It's peaceful.† â€Å"Only because they say it is. You're repeating the party line we've been fed our whole lives.† He stood up and paced the small space of the attic. â€Å"It wasn't always that way, you know. We used to fight, right along with the guardians – centuries ago. Then people started getting scared and stopped. Figured it was safer to just hide. They forgot the attack spells.† â€Å"Then how did you know that one?† He crooked her a smile. â€Å"Not everyone forgot.† â€Å"Like your family? Like your parents?† The smile disappeared. â€Å"You don't know anything about my parents.† His face darkened, his eyes grew hard. To most people, he might have appeared scary and intimidating, but as Lissa studied and admired his features, he suddenly seemed very, very vulnerable. â€Å"You're right,† she admitted softly, after a moment. â€Å"I don't. I'm sorry.† For the second time in this meeting, Christian looked astonished. Probably no one apologized to him that often. Hell, no one even talked to him that often. Certainly no one ever listened. Like usual, he quickly turned into his cocky self. â€Å"Forget it.† Abruptly, he stopped pacing and knelt in front of her so they could look each other in the eye. Feeling him so close made her hold her breath. A dangerous smile curled his lips. â€Å"And really, I don't get why you of all people should act so outraged that I used ? ®forbidden' magic.† â€Å"Me ? ®of all people'? What's that supposed to mean?† â€Å"You can play all innocent if you want – and you do a pretty good job – but I know the truth.† â€Å"What truth is that?† She couldn't hide her uneasiness from me or Christian. He leaned even closer. â€Å"That you use compulsion. All the time.† â€Å"No, I don't,† she said immediately. â€Å"Of course you do. I've been lying awake at night, trying to figure out how in the world you two were able to rent out a place and go to high school without anyone ever wanting to meet your parents. Then I figured it out. You had to be using compulsion. That's probably how you broke out of here in the first place.† â€Å"I see. You just figured it out. Without any proof.† â€Å"I've got all the proof I need, just from watching you.† â€Å"You've been watching me – spying on me – to prove I'm using compulsion?† He shrugged. â€Å"No. Actually, I've been watching you just because I like it. The compulsion thing was a bonus. I saw you use it the other day to get an extension on that math assignment. And you used it on Ms. Carmack when she wanted to make you go through more testing.† â€Å"So you assume it's compulsion? Maybe I'm just really good at convincing people.† There was a defiant note in her voice: understandable, considering her fear and anger. Only she delivered it with a toss of her hair which – if I didn't know any better – might have been considered flirtatious. And I did know better? ­right? Suddenly, I wasn't sure. He went on, but something in his eyes told me he'd noticed the hair, that he always noticed everything about her. â€Å"People get these goofy looks on their faces when you talk to them. And not just any people – you're able to do it to Moroi. Probably dhampirs, too. Now that's crazy. I didn't even know that was possible. You're some kind of superstar. Some kind of evil, compulsion-abusing superstar.† It was an accusation, but his tone and presence radiated the same flirtatiousness she had. Lissa didn't know what to say. He was right. Everything he'd said was right. Her compulsion was what had allowed us to dodge authority and get along in the world without adult help. It was what had allowed us to convince the bank to let her tap into her inheritance. And it was considered every bit as wrong as using magic as a weapon. Why not? It was a weapon. A powerful one, one that could be abused very easily. Moroi children had it drilled into them from an early age that compulsion was very, very wrong. No one was taught to use it, though every Moroi technically had the ability. Lissa had just sort of stumbled into it – deeply – and, as Christian had pointed out, she could wield it over Moroi, as well as humans and dhampirs. â€Å"What are you going to do then?† she asked. â€Å"You going to turn me in?† He shook his head and smiled. â€Å"No. I think it's hot.† She stared, eyes widening and heart racing. Something about the shape of his lips intrigued her. â€Å"Rose thinks you're dangerous,† she blurted out nervously. â€Å"She thinks you might have killed the fox.† I didn't know how I felt about being dragged into this bizarre conversation. Some people were scared of me. Maybe he was too. Judging from the amusement in his voice when he spoke, it appeared he wasn't. â€Å"People think I'm unstable, but I tell you, Rose is ten times worse. Of course, that makes it harder for people to fuck with you, so I'm all for it.† Leaning back on his heels, he finally broke the intimate space between them. â€Å"And I sure as hell didn't do that. Find out who did, though? ­and what I did to Ralf won't seem like anything.† His gallant offer of creepy vengeance didn't exactly reassure Lissa? ­but it did thrill her a little. â€Å"I don't want you doing anything like that. And I still don't know who did it.† He leaned back toward her and caught her wrists in his hands. He started to say something, then stopped and looked down in surprise, running his thumbs over faint, barely there scars. Looking back up at her, he had a strange – for him – kindness in his face. â€Å"You might not know who did it. But you know something. Something you aren't talking about.† She stared at him, a swirl of emotions playing in her chest. â€Å"You can't know all my secrets,† she murmured. He glanced back down at her wrists and then released them, that dry smile of his back on his face. â€Å"No. I guess not.† A feeling of peace settled over her, a feeling I thought only I could bring. Returning to my own head and my room, I sat on the floor staring at my math book. Then, for reasons I didn't really get, I slammed it shut and threw it against the wall. I spent the rest of the night brooding until the time I was supposed to meet Jesse came around. Slipping downstairs, I went into the kitchen – a place I could visit so long as I kept things brief – and caught his eye when I cut through the main visiting area. Moving past him, I paused and whispered, â€Å"There's a lounge on the fourth floor that nobody uses. Take the stairs on the other side of the bathrooms and meet me there in five minutes. The lock on the door is broken.† He complied to the second, and we found the lounge dark, dusty, and deserted. The drop in guardian numbers over the years meant a lot of the dorm stayed empty, a sad sign for Moroi society but terribly convenient right now. He sat down on the couch, and I lay back on it, putting my feet in his lap. I was still annoyed after Lissa and Christian's bizarre attic romance and wanted nothing more than to forget about it for a while. â€Å"You really here to study, or was it just an excuse?† I asked. â€Å"No. It was real. Had to do an assignment with Meredith.† The tone in his voice indicated he wasn't happy about that. â€Å"Oooh,† I teased. â€Å"Is working with a dhampir beneath your royal blood? Should I be offended?† He smiled, showing a mouth full of perfect white teeth and fangs. â€Å"You're a lot hotter than she is.† â€Å"Glad I make the cut.† There was a sort of a heat in his eyes that was turning me on, as was his hand sliding up my leg. But I needed to do something first. It was time for some vengeance. â€Å"Mia must too, since you guys let her hang out with you. She's not royal.† His finger playfully poked me in the calf. â€Å"She's with Aaron. And I've got lots of friends who aren't royal. And friends who are dhamps. I'm not a total asshole.† â€Å"Yeah, but did you know her parents are practically custodians for the Drozdovs?† The hand on my leg stopped. I'd exaggerated, but he was a sucker for gossip – and he was notorious for spreading it. â€Å"Seriously?† â€Å"Yeah. Scrubbing floors and stuff like that.† â€Å"Huh.† I could see the wheels turning in his dark blue eyes and had to hide a smile. The seed was planted. Sitting up, I moved closer to him and draped a leg over his lap. I wrapped my arms around him, and without further delay, thoughts of Mia disappeared as his testosterone kicked in. He kissed me eagerly – sloppily, even – pushing me against the back of the couch, and I relaxed into what had to be the first enjoyable physical activity I'd had in weeks. We kissed like that for a long time, and I didn't stop him when he pulled off my shirt. â€Å"I'm not having sex,† I warned between kisses. I had no intention of losing my virginity on a couch in a lounge. He paused, thinking about this, and finally decided not to push it. â€Å"Okay.† But he pushed me onto the couch, lying over me, still kissing with that same fierceness. His lips traveled down to my neck, and when the sharp points of his fangs brushed against my skin, I couldn't help an excited gasp. He raised himself up, looking into my face with open surprise. For a moment, I could barely breathe, recalling that rush of pleasure that a vampire bite could fill me with, wondering what it'd be like to feel that while making out. Then the old taboos kicked in. Even if we didn't have sex, giving blood while we did this was still wrong, still dirty. â€Å"Don't,† I warned. â€Å"You want to.† His voice held excited wonder. â€Å"I can tell.† â€Å"No, I don't.† His eyes lit up. â€Å"You do. How – hey, have you done it before?† â€Å"No,† I scoffed. â€Å"Of course not.† Those gorgeous blue eyes watched me, and I could see the wheels spinning behind them. Jesse might flirt a lot and have a big mouth, but he wasn't stupid. â€Å"You act like you have. You got excited when I was by your neck.† â€Å"You're a good kisser,† I countered, though it wasn't entirely true. He drooled a little more than I would have preferred. â€Å"Don't you think everyone would know if I was giving blood?† The realization seized him. â€Å"Unless you weren't doing it before you left. You did it while you were gone, didn't you? You fed Lissa.† â€Å"Of course not,† I repeated. But he was on to something, and he knew it. â€Å"It was the only way. You didn't have feeders. Oh, man.† â€Å"She found some,† I lied. It was the same line we'd fed Natalie, the one she'd spread around and that no one – except Christian – had ever questioned. â€Å"Plenty of humans are into it.† â€Å"Sure,† he said with a smile. He leaned his mouth back to my neck. â€Å"I'm not a blood whore,† I snapped, pulling away from him. â€Å"But you want to. You like it. All you dhamp girls do.† His teeth were on my skin again. Sharp. Wonderful. I had a feeling hostility would only make things worse, so I defused the situation with teasing. â€Å"Stop it,† I said gently, running a fingertip over his lips. â€Å"I told you, I'm not like that. But if you want something to do with your mouth, I can give you some ideas.† That peaked his interest. â€Å"Yeah? Like wha – ?† And that was when the door opened. We sprang apart. I was ready to handle a fellow student or even possibly the matron. What I was not ready for was Dimitri. He burst in the door like he'd expected to find us, and in that horrible moment, with him raging like a storm, I knew why Mason had called him a god. In the blink of an eye, he crossed the room and jerked Jesse up by his shirt, nearly holding the Moroi off the ground. â€Å"What's your name?† barked Dimitri. â€Å"J-Jesse, sir. Jesse Zeklos, sir.† â€Å"Mr. Zeklos, do you have permission to be in this part of the dorm?† â€Å"No, sir.† â€Å"Do you know the rules about male and female interactions around here?† â€Å"Yes, sir.† â€Å"Then I suggest you get out of here as fast as you can before I turn you over to someone who will punish you accordingly. If I ever see you like this again† – Dimitri pointed to where I cowered, half-dressed, on the couch – â€Å"I will be the one to punish you. And it will hurt. A lot. Do you understand?† Jesse swallowed, eyes wide. None of the bravado he usually showed was there. I guess there was â€Å"usually† and then there was being held in the grip of a really ripped, really tall, and really pissed-off Russian guy â€Å"Yes, sir!† â€Å"Then go.† Dimitri released him, and, if possible, Jesse got out of there faster than Dimitri had burst in. My mentor then turned to me, a dangerous glint in his eyes. He didn't say anything, but the angry, disapproving message came through loud and clear. And then it shifted. It was almost like he'd been taken by surprise, like he'd never noticed me before. Had it been any other guy, I would have said he was checking me out. As it was, he was definitely studying me. Studying my face, my body. And I suddenly realized I was only in jeans and a bra – a black bra at that. I knew perfectly well that there weren't a lot of girls at this school who looked as good in a bra as I did. Even a guy like Dimitri, one who seemed so focused on duty and training and all of that, had to appreciate that. And, finally, I noticed that a hot flush was spreading over me, and that the look in his eyes was doing more to me than Jesse's kisses had. Dimitri was quiet and distant sometimes, but he also had a dedication and an intensity that I'd never seen in any other person. I wondered how that kind of power and strength translated into? ­well, sex. I wondered what it'd be like for him to touch me and – shit! What was I thinking? Was I out of my mind? Embarrassed, I covered my feelings with attitude. â€Å"You see something you like?† I asked. â€Å"Get dressed.† The set of his mouth hardened, and whatever he'd just felt was gone. That fierceness sobered me up and made me forget about my own troubling reaction. I immediately pulled my shirt back on, uneasy at seeing his badass side. â€Å"How'd you find me? You following me to make sure I don't run away?† â€Å"Be quiet,† he snapped, leaning down so that we were at eye level. â€Å"A janitor saw you and reported it. Do you have any idea how stupid this was?† â€Å"I know, I know, the whole probation thing, right?† â€Å"Not just that. I'm talking about the stupidity of getting in that kind of situation in the first place.† â€Å"I get in that kind of situation all the time, Comrade. It's not a big deal.† Anger replaced my fear. I didn't like being treated like a child. â€Å"Stop calling me that. You don't know even know what you're talking about.† â€Å"Sure I do. I had to do a report on Russia and the R.S.S.R. last year.† â€Å"U.S.S.R. And it is a big deal for a Moroi to be with a dhampir girl. They like to brag.† â€Å"So?† â€Å"So?† he looked disgusted. â€Å"So don't you have any respect? Think about Lissa. You make yourself look cheap. You live up to what a lot of people already think about dhampir girls, and it reflects back on her. And me.† â€Å"Oh, I see. Is that what this is about? Am I hurting your big, bad male pride? Are you afraid I'll ruin your reputation?† â€Å"My reputation is already made, Rose. I set my standards and lived up to them long ago. What you do with yours remains to be seen.† His voice hardened again. â€Å"Now get back to your room – if you can manage it without throwing yourself at someone else.† â€Å"Is that your subtle way of calling me a slut?† â€Å"I hear the stories you guys tell. I've heard stories about you.† Ouch. I wanted to yell back that it was none of his business what I did with my body, but something about the anger and disappointment on his face made me falter. I didn't know what it was. â€Å"Disappointing† someone like Kirova was a non-event, but Dimitri ­I remembered how proud I'd felt when he praised me the last few times in our practices. Seeing that disappear from him? ­well, it suddenly made me feel as cheap as he'd implied I was. Something broke inside of me. Blinking back tears, I said, â€Å"Why is it wrong to? ­I don't know, have fun? I'm seventeen, you know. I should be able to enjoy it.† â€Å"You're seventeen, and in less than a year, someone's life and death will be in your hands.† His voice still sounded firm, but there was a gentleness there too. â€Å"If you were human or Moroi, you could have fun. You could do things other girls could.† â€Å"But you're saying I can't.† He glanced away, and his dark eyes went unfocused. He was thinking about something far away from here. â€Å"When I was seventeen, I met Ivan Zeklos. We weren't like you and Lissa, but we became friends, and he requested me as his guardian when I graduated. I was the top student in my school. I paid attention to everything in my classes, but in the end, it wasn't enough. That's how it is in this life. One slip, one distraction? ­Ã¢â‚¬  He sighed. â€Å"And it's too late.† A lump formed in my throat as I thought about one slip or one distraction costing Lissa her life. â€Å"Jesse's a Zeklos,† I said, suddenly realizing Dimitri had just thrown around a relative of his former friend and charge. â€Å"I know.† â€Å"Does it bother you? Does he remind you of Ivan?† â€Å"It doesn't matter how I feel. It doesn't matter how any of us feel.† â€Å"But it does bother you.† It suddenly became very obvious to me. I could read his pain, though he clearly worked hard to hide it. â€Å"You hurt. Every day. Don't you? You miss him.† Dimitri looked surprised, like he didn't want me to know that, like I'd uncovered some secret part of him. I'd been thinking he was some aloof, antisocial tough guy, but maybe he kept himself apart from other people so he wouldn't get hurt if he lost them. Ivan's death had clearly left a permanent mark. I wondered if Dimitri was lonely. The surprised look vanished, and his standard serious one returned. â€Å"It doesn't matter how I feel. They come first. Protecting them.† I thought about Lissa again. â€Å"Yeah. They do.† A long silence fell before he spoke again. â€Å"You told me you want to fight, to really fight. Is that still true?† â€Å"Yes. Absolutely.† â€Å"Rose? ­I can teach you, but I have to believe you're dedicated. Really dedicated. I can't have you distracted by things like this.† He gestured around the lounge. â€Å"Can I trust you?† Again, I felt like crying under that gaze, under the seriousness of what he asked. I didn't get how he could have such a powerful effect on me. I'd never cared so much about what one person thought. â€Å"Yes. I promise.† â€Å"All right. I'll teach you, but I need you strong. I know you hate the running, but it really is necessary. You have no idea what Strigoi are like. The school tries to prepare you, but until you've seen how strong they are and how fast? ­well, you can't even imagine. So I can't stop the running and the conditioning. If you want to learn more about fighting, we need to add more trainings. It'll take up more of your time. You won't have much left for your homework or anything else. You'll be tired. A lot.† I thought about it, about him, and about Lissa. â€Å"It doesn't matter. If you tell me to do it, I'll do it.† He studied me hard, like he was still trying to decide if he could believe me. Finally satisfied, he gave me a sharp nod. â€Å"We'll start tomorrow.†

Shitty First Drafts Essays

Shitty First Drafts Essays Shitty First Drafts Paper Shitty First Drafts Paper â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† In the essay â€Å"Shitty First Drafts†, Anne Lamott describes the process of writing first drafts. She addresses the many steps she goes through to come up with her final â€Å"polished† works. First, Lamott starts off with a brief summary of what she believes in, she also gives a short description of her thoughts and personal life. Lamott then addresses to what I believe is her thesis and is finally ready to talk about her â€Å"Shitty† first drafts. At first she writes what she calls a â€Å"child’s draft† which is her first 5 pages of just brainstorming. In this â€Å"child’s draft† of just visions and some what nonsense, she does this in thought that no one is going to see this first draft anyway so she gives herself the ability to write anything that comes to mind. However, as a writer she is always nervous that someone will get a hold of her first draft before she is able to revise it. She gives distinct visuals of her process, â€Å"It was almost just typing, just making my fingers move. And the writing would be terrible. † After crossing out lines and phrases that she could live without, she would continue on to rewriting a second draft. Even though Lamott’s process of writing and revising seems crazy, I definitely agree with her and say that writing is an exhausting process. She mentions thoughts of suicide and panic, which is a coincidence because I feel the same way when writing a paper. I feel that rough drafts are completely necessary, reason being, real writers always have room for improvement and growth. Therefore, a first drafts give writers the opportunity to see overlooked mistakes and correct them before handing in the polished final draft. My first drafts tend to be well written simply because I am a perfectionist. There is always room to grow, that I believe is the exception for a â€Å"shitty first draft†.

THE RESPONSIBILITY PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE RESPONSIBILITY PROJECT - Research Paper Example Geyston Bakery is a bakery that contributes to the community through profits (Liberty Mutual 2012). A popular item sold is the brownie which is used in the social enterprise help a social and profit mission (Liberty Mutual, 2010). One problem facing the bakery is the open hiring. The bakery uses an open hiring to hire individuals in the community. Any one that applies, no matter an individual’s past history, will receive an open position in the bakery. People are only turned away if the bakery is already fully staffed. Open hiring can impact the community in a positive way. All individuals in the community can get job experience, learn a marketable trade, and receive a paycheck that goes back into the community. Lower employment rates can result from this practice. The community can prosper as members of the community get back on their feet through a job. Another issue is the funded community development. Profits from the bakery are given to the Graceland Foundation (Liberty Mutual, 2010). In turn, the Graceland Foundation helps out community programs. A few of these programs are housing, healthcare, and childcare in the community. (Liberty Mutual, 2010). The programs that Graceland Foundation provides help the local community, not some far away community. The bakery gets support, but receives more business due to the programs supported. Childcare helps both parents be employable. Housing programs can provide shelter for families. Healthcare will allow for preventative measures that will save the community in medical bills for issues that can be corrected. Greyston Bakery is helping their community be a better place and setting an example for other businesses to help their communities. The actions of open hiring and supporting community programs are relevant in the way organizational and personal decisions are made in the bakery. These goals are the

Innovations in Human Resource Management Assignment

Innovations in Human Resource Management - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that distrust of customers leads to decreased profits and market segments. This will lead to losing customers to competing companies who use this information to lure customers and win their trust. Data misuse by third parties has led many users of Facebook have encroached self-determination that limits them from having prosperous careers. Mary Jane has the experience and knowledge to take up the position of Field Sales Manager. However, her negligence and ignorance concerning the use of social networks have tarnished her name and image. Field Sales Manager interacts with so many people and her image should portray all the values of the company. Some of the clients she is going to reach out to use Facebook and will eventually leak out information to prospective clients concerning the pictures. This will give the company a poor image and therefore, the HR administration should reconsider their decision of hiring Mary. Her negligence and ignoran ce portray that she will do the same for the clients she mingles with when hired by the company to carry out the responsibilities of Field Sales Manager. This position is prestigious and needs to be given to an individual with an all-around personality encompassing outstanding social behaviors. Through social media, employers can check on their employees for harassing postings on Facebook, but cannot use data achieved to discriminate against their employees due to religion, race or sexual orientation. A candidate’s legal right to privacy is breached when employers hack into their protected accounts. Encrypted Facebook accounts, with passwords, should not be tampered with by employers.

Gross Domestic Product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gross Domestic Product - Essay Example The dependent variable used for this study is the Gross domestic product (GDP) of the United Kingdom (UK). GDP is an important measure for any country because it represents the healthiness of its economy. It is calculated by summing the market value of all goods and services produced within this economy. The percent change in GDP is used to measure the growth in the economy during the specified period. GDP is measured in real prices in order to remove the effect of inflation. The data for the GDP for the UK is extracted from the Economic Trend Annual Supplement (ETAS) database. ETAS is released annually from British office of national statistics (ONS). It contains a summary of the United Kingdom (UK) economic accounts. Field number 2.1A is selected from the database which contains the time series of GDP chained volume measures which is referenced by the variable ABMI. These values are seasonally adjusted to represent the period from 1948 to 2005. Annually linked and weighted chain volume measures better highlight changes in GDP than constant price values. This is because take account of year-to-year changes (Aspden & Person 2000). Figure 1 shows little change from year to year in UK GDP. Therefore the percent change from year-to-year is computed and replaces by the real values of annual GDP. The percent change in the British GDP (appendix B) is shown in the following figure: Figure 2: Percent Change in UK GDP from 1948 to 2005 Figure 2 amplifies the changes and highlights that occurred during the period of the study. It shows periods when GDP positively increased or negatively decreased which were not visible in figure 1. From the above graph the following years experienced major increase in the British GDP: 1973 (7.1%), 1964 (5.5%), 1960 (5.3%), 1988 (5%). The following years also experienced the most decrease in GDP values: 1980 (-2.1%), 1981 (-1.5%), 1991 (-1.4%), 1974 (-1.4). 3. Econometric Model: Regression is considered as a special case of econometric modeling (Wang & Jain 2003). Theory suggests that GDP growth is positively related to inflation and negatively related to unemployment and real interest rates (RIT). The following relevances of these three variables are explored in the following sections. 3.1 The relevance of Inflation in predicting GDP: The relationship between inflation and GDP is a very delicate relationship and still causes much controversy in both theory and empirical findings (Hossain & Chowdhury 1996). Mallik & Chowdhury (2001) examined the long-run and short-run dynamics of the relationship between GDP and inflation. They found that inflation and economic growth are positively related on the long run. They also found that inflation is more sensitive to changes in growth rates than that of growth rates to changes in inflation. Thus moderate inflation is good for growth but fast economic growth feeds back into inflation. Thus too much GDP growth would accelerate inflation rates, which would decrease the value of money more than the value gained by GDP and even more taking the economy downhill as verified by Bruno and Easterly (1998). 3.2

Timeline Essay Example for Free

Timeline Essay October 7,1763 The Proclamation of 1763, signed by King George III of England, prohibits any English settlement west of the Appalachian mountains and requires those already settled in those regions to return east in an attempt to ease tensions with Native Americans. April 5,1764 The Sugar Act is passed by the English Parliament to offset the war debt brought on by the French and Indian War and to help pay for the expenses of running the colonies and newly acquired territories. This act doubles the duties to imported sugar, textiles, coffee, and other items. This is more work for the colonies, for a war that they didn’t want to happen. 1764 The English Parliament passes a measure to reorganize the American customs system to better enforce British trade laws, which have often been ignored in the past. In the past, the English Parliament has ignored to pass a measure to reorganize the American customs system to better enforce British trade laws. But now, after the Proclamation of 1763 and the Sugar Act, the colonies are seeing a pattern now. 1764 The Currency Act prohibits the colonists from issuing any legal tender paper money. This act threatens to destabilize the entire colonial economy of both the industrial North and agricultural South, thus uniting the colonists against it. March of 1765, the Stamp Act is passed by the English Parliament imposing the first direct tax on the American colonies, to offset the high costs of the British military organization in America. In the first time, Americans will not pay taxes to their own local legislatures, but directly to England. Also happening; The Quartering Act requires colonists to house British troops and supply them with food. 765 In July, the Sons of Liberty, an underground organization opposed to the Stamp Act. They used violence and intimidation to eventually force all of the British stamp agents to resign, as well to stop many American merchants from ordering British trade goods. 1765 In October, the Stamp Act Congress convenes in New York City, with representatives from nine of the colonies. The Congress prepares a resolution to be sent to King Georg e III and the English Parliament. The petition requests the repeal of the Stamp Act and the Acts of 1764. The petition asserts that only colonial legislatures can tax colonial residents and that taxation without representation violates the colonists basic civil rights. 1765 In December, British General Thomas Gage, commander of all English military forces in America, asks the New York assembly to make colonists comply with the Quartering Act and house and supply his troops. Also in December, the American boycott of English imports spreads, as over 200 Boston merchants join the movement. 1766 In January, the New York assembly refuses to completely comply with Gen. Gages request to enforce the Quartering Act. March of 1766 King George III repealed the Stamp Act; the English Parliament passes the Declaratory Act stating that the British government has total power to legislate any laws governing the American colonies in all cases whatsoever. 1766 In August, violence breaks out in New York between British soldiers and armed colonists, including Sons of Liberty members. The violence erupts as a result of the continuing refusal of New York colonists to comply with the Quartering Act. In December, the New York legislature is suspended by the English Crown after once again voting to refuse to comply with the Act. 1767 In June, The English Parliament passes the Townshend Revenue Acts, imposing a new series of taxes on the colonists to offset the costs of administering and protecting the American colonies. Items taxed include imports such as paper, tea, glass, lead and paints. 1768 In February, Samuel Adams of Massachusetts writes a Circular Letter opposing taxation without representation and calling for the colonists to unite in their actions against the British government. The letter is sent to assemblies throughout the colonies and also instructs them on the methods the Massachusetts general court is using to oppose the Townshend Acts. May of 1768, a British warship armed with 50 cannons sails into Boston harbor after a call for help from custom commissioners who are constantly being harassed by Boston agitators. In June, a customs official is locked up in the cabin of the Liberty, a sloop owned by John Hancock. Imported wine is then unloaded illegally into Boston without payment of duties. Following this incident, customs officials seize Hancocks sloop. After threats of violence from Bostonians, the customs officials escape to an island off Boston, and then request the intervention of British troops. 1768 In July, the governor of Massachusetts dissolves the general court after the legislature defies his order to revoke Adams circular letter. In August, in Boston and New York, merchants agree to boycott most British goods until the Townshend Acts are repealed. In September, at a town meeting in Boston, residents are urged to arm themselves. Later in September, English warships sail into Boston Harbor, then two regiments of English infantry land in Boston and set up permanent residence to keep order. 1769 In March, merchants in Philadelphia join the boycott of British trade goods. In May, a set of resolutions written by George Mason is presented by George Washington to the Virginia House of Burgesses. The Virginia Resolves oppose taxation without representation, the British opposition to the circular letters, and British plans to possibly send American agitators to England for trial. Ten days later, the Royal governor of Virginia dissolves the House of Burgesses. However, its members meet the next day in a Williamsburg tavern and agree to a boycott of British trade goods, luxury items and slaves. 1770 Violence erupts in January between members of the Sons of Liberty in New York and 40 British soldiers over the posting of broadsheets by the British. Several men are seriously wounded. March 5, 1770 The Boston Massacre occurs as a mob harasses British soldiers who then fire their muskets pointblank into the crowd, killing three instantly, mortally wounding two others and injuring six. After the incident, the new Royal Governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, at the insistence of Sam Adams, withdraws British troops out of Boston to nearby harbor islands. The captain of the British soldiers, Thomas Preston, is then arrested along with eight of his men and charged with murder. 1770 In April, the Townshend Acts are repealed by the British. All duties on imports into the colonies are eliminated except for tea. Also, the Quartering Act is not renewed. 1770 In October, trial begins for the British soldiers arrested after the Boston Massacre. Colonial lawyers John Adams and Josiah Quincy successfully defend Captain Preston and six of his men, who are acquitted. Two other soldiers are found guilty of manslaughter, branded, then released. 1772 In June, a British customs schooner, the Gaspee, runs aground off Rhode Island in Narragansett Bay. Colonists from Providence row out to the schooner and attack it, set the British crew ashore, then burn the ship. In September, a 500 pound reward is offered by the English Crown for the capture of those colonists, who would then be sent to England for trial. The announcement that they would be sent to England further upsets many American colonists. 1772 In November, a Boston town meeting assembles, called by Sam Adams. During the meeting, a 21 member committee of correspondence is appointed to communicate with other towns and colonies. A few weeks later, the town meeting endorses three radical proclamations asserting the rights of the colonies to self-rule. 1773 In March, the Virginia House of Burgesses appoints an eleven member committee of correspondence to communicate with the other colonies regarding common complaints against the British. Members of that committee include, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee. Virginia is followed a few months later by New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut and South Carolina. 1773 May 10, the Tea Act takes effect. It maintains a threepenny per pound import tax on tea arriving in the colonies, which had already been in effect for six years. It also gives the near bankrupt British East India Company a virtual tea monopoly by allowing it to sell directly to colonial agents, bypassing any middlemen, thus underselling American merchants. The East India Company had successfully lobbied Parliament for such a measure. In September, Parliament authorizes the company to ship half a million pounds of tea to a group of chosen tea agents. 1773 In October, colonists hold a mass meeting in Philadelphia in opposition to the tea tax and the monopoly of the East India Company. A committee then forces British tea agents to resign their positions. In November, a town meeting is held in Boston endorsing the actions taken by Philadelphia colonists. Bostonians then try, but fail, to get their British tea agents to resign. A few weeks later, three ships bearing tea sail into Boston harbor. 1773 November 29/30, two mass meetings occur in Boston over what to do about the tea aboard the three ships now docked in Boston harbor. Colonists decide to send the tea on the ship, Dartmouth, back to England without paying any import duties. The Royal Governor of Massachusetts, Hutchinson, is opposed to this and orders harbor officials not to let the ship sail out of the harbor unless the tea taxes have been paid. December 16, 1773 About 8000 Bostonians gather to hear Sam Adams tell them Royal Governor Hutchinson has repeated his command not to allow the ships out of the harbor until the tea taxes are paid. That night, the Boston Tea Party occurs as colonial activists disguise themselves as Mohawk Indians then board the ships and dump all 342 containers of tea into the harbor. 1774 In March, an angry English Parliament passes the first of a series of Coercive Acts (called Intolerable Acts by Americans) in response to the rebellion in Massachusetts. The Boston Port Bill effectively shuts down all commercial shipping in Boston harbor until Massachusetts pays the taxes owed on the tea dumped in the harbor and also reimburses the East India Company for the loss of the tea. 1774 May 12, Bostonians at a town meeting call for a boycott of British imports in response to the Boston Port Bill. May 13, General Thomas Gage, commander of all British military forces in the colonies, arrives in Boston and replaces Hutchinson as Royal governor, putting Massachusetts under military rule. He is followed by the arrival of four regiments of British troops. 1774 May 17-23, colonists in Providence, New York and Philadelphia begin calling for an intercolonial congress to overcome the Coercive Acts and discuss a common course of action against the British. 1774 May 20, The English Parliament enacts the next series of Coercive Acts, which include the Massachusetts Regulating Act and the Government Act virtually ending any self-rule by the colonists there. Instead, the English Crown and the Royal governor assume political power formerly exercised by colonists. Also enacted; the Administration of Justice Act which protects royal officials in Massachusetts from being sued in colonial courts, and the Quebec Act establishing a centralized government in Canada controlled by the Crown and English Parliament. The Quebec Act greatly upsets American colonists by extending the southern boundary of Canada into territories claimed by Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia. 1774 In June, a new version of the 1765 Quartering Act is enacted by the English Parliament requiring all of the American colonies to provide housing for British troops in occupied houses and taverns and in unoccupied buildings. In September, Massachusetts Governor Gage seizes that colonys arsenal of weapons at Charlestown. 1774 September 5 to October 26, the First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia with 56 delegates, representing every colony, except Georgia. Attendants include Patrick Henry, George Washington, Sam Adams and John Hancock. On September 17, the Congress declares its opposition to the Coercive Acts, saying they are not to be obeyed, and also promotes the formation of local militia units. On October 14, a Declaration and Resolves is adopted that opposes the Coercive Acts, the Quebec Act, and other measure taken by the British that undermine self-rule. The rights of the colonists are asserted, including the rights to life, liberty and property. On October 20, the Congress adopts the Continental Association in which delegates agree to a boycott of English imports, effect an embargo of exports to Britain, and discontinue the slave trade. 1775 February 1, in Cambridge, Mass. , a provincial congress is held during which John Hancock and Joseph Warren begin defensive preparations for a state of war. February 9, the English Parliament declares Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion. March 23, in Virginia, Patrick Henry delivers a speech against British rule, stating, Give me liberty or give me death! March 30, the New England Restraining Act is endorsed by King George III, requiring New England colonies to trade exclusively with England and also bans fishing in the North Atlantic. 1775 In April, Massachusetts Governor Gage is ordered to enforce the Coercive Acts and suppress open rebellion among the colonists by all necessary force.